Holy Sepulchre, Cambridge

The Church of the Holy Sepulchre, Cambridge, is a redundant Anglican church in the city of Cambridge, England, and is known locally as The Round Church. It is located on the corner of Round Church Street and Bridge Street. The church has been designated by English Heritage as a Grade I listed building.^[1] The church is managed by Christian Heritage.^[2] It is one of the four medieval round churches still in use in England.^[3]

History

The church was built around 1130, its shape being inspired by the rotunda in the church of the Holy Sepulchre, Jerusalem. It was built by the Fraternity of the Holy Sepulchre, who were probably a group of Austin canons. It consisted of a round nave and an ambulatory, with a short chancel, probably in the shape of an apse.^[4] Initially it was a wayfarers' chapel on the Roman road known as via devana (this is now Bridge Street).^[5] By the middle of the 13th century it had become a parish church under the patronage of Barnwell Priory. Around this time structural alterations were made to the church, with the rebuilding of the chancel and the addition of a north aisle, the aisle being shorter than the chancel.^[6] During the 15th century the Norman style windows in the nave were replaced by larger Gothic style windows. The carvings of angels in the roofs of the chancel and aisle were added. A polygonal bell-storey was built over the nave.^[7] In 1643, during the Civil War, many of the "idolatrous" images were destroyed.^[8] By the 19th century the church was in a poor state of repair. Part of the ambulatory collapsed in 1841, and the Cambridge Camden Society offered to carry out repairs. They appointed Anthony Salvin for the purpose.^[9]

Salvin replaced the bell-storey by a roof similar to the original roof. This was made necessary because the weight of the bell-story was too much for the walls to support. The 15th-century Gothic windows were replaced by windows in Norman style, and a formerly-inserted gallery was removed, together with the external staircase leading to it. To compensate for this, a new south aisle was added. It was found that the east wall of the chancel was unstable and this was replaced. Then the north aisle, by that time in poor condition, was also rebuilt, extending it to the same length as the chancel. The original estimate for the cost of the restoration was £1,000 (£70,000 as of 2012),^[10] with the parish paying £300 (£20,000 as of 2012);^[10] in the event it cost nearly £4,000 (£290,000 as of 2012),^[10] with the parish providing only £50 (£4,000 as of 2012).^[10][11] In 1899 a vestry was added to the north of the north aisle; this was extended in 1980.^[12] The Victorian stained glass in the east window was destroyed by a bomb in the Second World War and was replaced in 1946.^[13] By 1994 the congregation had become too large for the church, and they moved to worship in the nearby Church of St Andrew the Great.^[5]

Architecture

The church is built in stone. Its plan consists of a circular nave surrounded by an ambulatory, a chancel with north and south aisles and a north vestry.^[13] Over the nave is an upper storey surmounted by a conical spire.^[5] To the north of the church is an octagonal bell-turret containing two bells. The church is entered by a Norman west doorway with three orders of colonnettes, decorated with scalloped capitals and zigzags, and crenellations in the voussoirs.^[14] Between the ambulatory and the nave are eight massive Norman columns and round arches. Each of the capitals of the columns is carved with a different design. Part of the vault of the ambulatory has dog-tooth ornamentation. In the ambulatory and nave are carved human heads dating from the 19th century. Above the nave is a triforium containing double Norman arches.^[15] To the east are the chancel and aisles. In the chancel and the north aisle are carved angels dating from the 15th century which are attached to the corbels supporting the roof; some of the angels are holding or playing musical instruments. The communion table dates from 1843 and was made by Joseph Wentworth. The chancel is floored between the choir stalls with tiles laid in 1842. They depict the Royal coat of arms, and the arms of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert. At the corners are animals representing the Four Evangelists. There are two bells in the bell-turret. One of these is dated 1663 and was cast by Robard Gurney; the other is a priest's bell possibly cast by J. Sturdy of London between 1440 and 1458.^[16] Most of the stained glass in the church was introduced during the 19th-century restoration and was designed and made by Thomas Willement and William Wailes. The glass in the east window was destroyed by a bomb in 1942 and was replaced by a new window in 1946 depicting Christ in Majesty.^[14]

Recent history and present day

By 1994 the congregation had grown too big to be accommodated and it moved to the nearby Church of St Andrew the Great.^[17] Holy Sepulchre is managed by Christian Heritage and is open for visitors.^[5] It contains an exhibition entitled The Impact of Christianity in England,^[18] and a library.^[19] A video entitled Saints and Scholars can be seen in the church.^[20] The church hosts concerts, recitals and plays,^[21] and arranges courses, summer schools, and lectures.^[22][23][24]

References

Bibliography